Defect detection of a component in an assembly

ABSTRACT

A system for validating installation correctness of a component in a test assembly includes a housing having a platform including a tiered surface. The tiered surface forms an abutment surface configured as a stop against which a test assembly is abutted. A plurality of cameras is positioned to capture different views of the test assembly. A processing device is configured to execute instructions to capture an image from each of the plurality of cameras of the test assembly that includes a plurality of components. Each of the plurality of components is analyzed within each image of the plurality of images. A matching score is determined and an indication of whether the plurality of components was correctly installed in the test assembly is generated.

FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY

At least some embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to component installation validation. More particularly, the embodiments relate to artificial intelligence systems and methods for computer-aided validation of the installation of a component in an assembly such as a computing device.

BACKGROUND

Device manufacturing, such as mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, or the like) utilize several components assembled together. The assembly process can include, for example, securing the components together via fasteners (e.g., screws or the like). The assembly process, if not completed properly (e.g., missing screws, incorrect screws, improperly tightened screws, or the like), can cause quality control issues.

Improved methods and systems for validating the proper installation of the various components are desirable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

References are made to the accompanying drawings that form a part of this disclosure and illustrate embodiments in which the systems and methods described in this Specification can be practiced.

FIG. 1 shows a system for validation of installation of a component in an assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows a portion of the system for validation of installation of a component of an assembly of FIG. 1 , according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic architecture for the system of FIG. 1 , according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for a method of validating installation of a component in an assembly, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows a first graphical user interface (GUI), according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows a second GUI, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 7 shows a third GUI, according to an embodiment.

Like reference numbers represent like parts throughout.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Computing devices such as, but not limited to, smartphones, tablets, laptops, smartwatches, and the like, include numerous components that are assembled together. The assembly process can include fasteners (e.g., screws or the like) that keep the various components secured. It is important that these fasteners be installed correctly (e.g., all screws installed (e.g., no missing screws), proper screws installed, screws properly tightened, or the like) as part of the quality control process.

The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to a system and method for inspecting components (e.g., fasteners such as screws or the like) of an assembly (e.g., a computing device such as, but not limited to, a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, a smartwatch, a cellphone, or the like) during the manufacturing process. The system includes a platform that holds the test assembly (i.e., the assembly being inspected) in a defined position. The defined position is established relative to a plurality of cameras that are arranged to capture different views of the assembly.

When an assembly (e.g., a computing device) is placed onto the platform, an image of the assembly is captured from each of the plurality of cameras. The plurality of cameras are triggered to capture each of the images at the different viewing angles in response to a combination of proximity and motion sensors that identify when the assembly is in place. “Profile images” (i.e., images of a model assembly (e.g., a model assembly (i.e., screws properly installed)) can be captured in a calibration process. The platform maintains the assembly in a generally fixed location. As a result, each image of an assembly being validated (i.e., a test assembly) is taken in the same coordinate system or with a predetermined relationship maintained by the platform relative to the corresponding profile image.

Each of the captured images is compared against the corresponding profile image to determine a matching score representative of whether the components were correctly installed.

In an embodiment, the different viewing angles can provide a more accurate response, as the installation defect may be noticeable in one of the views but appear correct (or not be noticeable) in another of the views. The matching score is based on the comparison of each view. In response to the determination, an indicator (correct, incorrect, requires further checking) including one of the profile images is then displayed on an interface of the system.

A system is disclosed. The system includes a housing, enclosing a platform having a tiered surface. The tiered surface includes a first surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface and disposed a height from the first surface. The tiered surface forms an abutment surface configured as a stop against which a test assembly is abutted. A plurality of cameras are enclosed in the housing, each of the plurality of cameras positioned to capture a different view of the test assembly. A processing device is configured to execute instructions to capture an image from each of the plurality of cameras of the test assembly that includes a plurality of components. Each of the plurality of components within each image of the plurality of images is analyzed. A matching score is determined between a corresponding profile image of each of the plurality of components within each of the plurality of images of the test assembly. The installation of each of the plurality of components is classified based on the matching score. An indication of whether the plurality of components was correctly installed in the test assembly is generated based on the matching score. A display device is configured to display a graphical user interface (GUI) based on the indication as generated.

A method for validating correctness of installation of a component in an assembly is also disclosed. The method includes capturing a plurality of images using a plurality of cameras. The plurality of cameras are oriented to capture different views of a test assembly including a component. A processing device analyzes the component within each image of the plurality of images. The processing device determines a matching score between a profile image of the component within each corresponding profile image and the plurality of captured images. The component installation is classified based on the matching score. An indication of whether the component was correctly installed in the test assembly based on the matching score is generated.

FIG. 1 shows a system 10 for validation of installation of a component in an assembly 15, according to an embodiment. The system 10 can generally be used to, for example, validate whether a fastener (e.g., a screw or the like) or other component is properly installed in the assembly 15. In an embodiment, the validation can be part of a quality control process during manufacturing. In an embodiment, the system 10 can be used to validate whether the fastener or other component is properly installed at a point after manufacturing (e.g., during refabricating, maintenance, or the like).

In the illustrated embodiment, the assembly 15 is a smartphone. It is to be appreciated that the smartphone is an example, and the assembly 15 can vary beyond a smartphone. Examples of other assemblies 15 include, but are not limited to, a tablet, a smartwatch, a mobile phone other than a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop computing device, or the like. Furthermore, the maker or manufacturer of the assembly 15 is not limited. That is, the system 10 can be used to validate the installation correctness of components in assemblies 15 from different manufacturers so long as a calibration procedure is performed to create a profile image for the corresponding assembly 15.

The system 10 includes a display 20 for displaying results of the validation to the user. In an embodiment, the display 20 can be a combined display and input (e.g., a touchscreen). In an embodiment, the display 20 can be a display of a tablet or the like. In such an embodiment, a memory of the tablet can store one or more programs to be executed by a processing device of the tablet for validating the correctness of the installation of the component in the assembly 15.

In the illustrated embodiment, the display 20 is secured to housing 25 of the system 10. In an embodiment, the display 20 can be separate from the housing 25 (i.e., not secured to the housing 25, but positioned near the system 10 and electronically connected to the system 10). However, it may be beneficial to secure the display 20 to the housing 25 to reduce a footprint of the system 10.

A platform 30 is utilized to position the assembly 15 within the system 10 for validation. The platform 30 enables each assembly 15 placed into the system 10 for validation to be placed in substantially the same location. As a result, an amount of effort in determining whether the profile image and the assembly 15 under test (test assembly) is in a same location relative to cameras of the system 10 can be reduced. The platform 30 is shown and described in additional detail in accordance with FIG. 2 below.

In an embodiment, the system 10 can be portable. For example, the illustrated embodiment shows system 10 with a handle 35 for carrying the system 10. It is to be appreciated that portability of the system 10 is optional, and accordingly, the handle 35 is optional. In an embodiment, the system 10 may be sized differently based on the type of assembly 15 to be validated.

FIG. 2 shows the platform 30 of the system 10 of FIG. 1 for validation of installation of a component in an assembly 15, according to an embodiment.

The platform 30 includes a tiered surface having a first surface 40 and a second surface 45. A step is thus formed between the first surface 40 and the second surface 45. A plane of the first surface 40 and a plane of the second surface 45 are parallel. In the illustrated embodiment, the second surface 40 is L-shaped when viewed from a top view.

The second surface 45 is positioned a height H from the first surface 40. The height H between the first surface 40 and the second surface 45 creates an abutment surface 50.

The height H is selected such that the abutment surface 50 serves as a stop for the assembly 15 when placed within the system 10. The abutment surface 50 is configured to provide a stop for the assembly 15 on two sides of the assembly 15 (i.e., a major dimension of the assembly 15 and a minor dimension of the assembly 15).

The height H is selected to be smaller than a thickness T of the assembly 15 being validated in the system 10. The height H is selected to be smaller than the thickness T of the assembly 15 to not hinder side views of the assembly 15. The height H is selected to be large enough that an operator inserting the assembly 15 can abut the assembly 15 with the abutment surface 50. In this manner, the abutment surface 50 serves as a stop for the operator when inserting the assembly 15 into the system 10. In an embodiment, the height H can be substantially the same as the thickness T of the assembly 15.

The configuration of the platform 30 is helpful in establishing the location of the assembly 15. By including the platform 30, the system 10 can be calibrated to generate the profile images using a single assembly since the coordinate system is generally fixed. The platform 30 can, as a result, be used to account for minor variations in placement of the assembly 15 by the operator as the offset from the expected coordinated system can be determined based on the location of the assembly 15 relative to a calibration assembly 15.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic architecture for the system 10 of FIG. 1 , according to an embodiment.

The system 10 generally includes a plurality of cameras 100; a motion sensor 105; a proximity sensor 110; a processing device 115, memory 120, a network input/output (I/O) 125, user I/O 130, storage 135, and an interconnect 140. The processing device 115, memory 120, network input/output (I/O) 125, user I/O 130, storage 135, and interconnect 140 can be within the housing 25 in an embodiment. In an embodiment, the processing device 115, memory 120, network input/output (I/O) 125, user I/O 130, storage 135, and interconnect 140 can be external from the housing 25.

The plurality of cameras 100 are arranged in the system 10 to capture different views of the assembly 15. In an embodiment, the cameras 100 are digital cameras. For example, in an embodiment the system 10 includes three cameras 100 arranged to capture a top view, an up-front view, and an up-side view. In an embodiment, the system 10 includes four cameras 100 arranged to capture a top view, an up-front view, a first up-side view, and a second (opposite) up-side view. It will be appreciated that a single camera 100 could be used, although accuracy may be improved when a plurality of cameras 100 are used as a component may appear to be correctly installed in a first view but be determined to be incorrectly installed in a second view.

The motion sensor 105 can be, for example, a laser sensor that can be triggered when an object (i.e., assembly 15) breaks the laser signal. The motion sensor 105 can be installed at the opening to the housing 25. In an embodiment, the motion sensor 105 may not be included.

The proximity sensor 110 can be a sensor to determine when an object is placed near it. The proximity sensor 110 can be placed in the platform 30 of the system 10. In an embodiment, when the motion sensor 105 is triggered and the proximity sensor 110 detects an object, the cameras 100 can capture images of the assembly 15 on the platform 30. In an embodiment, the proximity sensor 110 can be included regardless of whether the motion sensor 105 is present. In an embodiment with both motion sensor 105 and proximity sensor 110, the image capturing may be performed after the proximity sensor 110 detects the assembly 15.

In an embodiment, automatically causing the image capturing and subsequent validation to be performed using the proximity sensor 110, or a combination of the proximity sensor 110 and the motion sensor 105, can increase a number of assemblies 15 that can be validated in a set period. That is, reducing effort of a human operator, or even allowing for a robotic arm to load the assembly 15 into the system 10 for validation, can reduce an amount of time and effort needed to review the quality of the manufacturing process.

The processing device 115 can retrieve and execute programming instructions stored in the memory 120, the storage 135, or combinations thereof. The processing device 115 can also store and retrieve application data residing in the memory 120. The programming instructions can perform the method described in accordance with FIG. 4 below to determine whether the components of the assembly 15 are properly installed, and additionally, cause display of one of the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) shown and described in accordance with FIGS. 5-7 below.

The interconnect 140 is used to transmit programming instructions and/or application data between the processing device 115, the user I/O 130, the memory 120, the storage 135, and the network I/O 125. The interconnect 140 can, for example, be one or more busses or the like. The processing device 115 can be a single processing device, multiple processing devices, or a single processing device having multiple processing cores. In an embodiment, the processing device 115 can be a single-threaded processing device. In an embodiment, the processing device 115 can be a multi-threaded processing device.

The memory 120 is generally included to be representative of a random-access memory such as, but not limited to, Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM), or Flash. In an embodiment, the memory 120 can be a volatile memory. In an embodiment, the memory 120 can be a non-volatile memory. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the memory 120 can be virtual memory.

The storage 135 is generally included to be representative of a non-volatile memory such as, but not limited to, a hard disk drive, a solid-state device, removable memory cards, optical storage, flash memory devices, network attached storage (NAS), or connections to storage area network (SAN) devices, or other similar devices that may store non-volatile data. In an embodiment, the storage 135 is a computer readable medium. In an embodiment, the storage 135 can include storage that is external to the user device, such as in a cloud.

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for a method 200 of validating installation of a component in a test assembly 15 using artificial intelligence, according to an embodiment.

At block 205 a test assembly 15 is loaded into the system 10. This includes abutting the assembly 15 with the abutment surface 50 of the platform 30. In an embodiment, the test assembly 15 can be loaded by a human operator. In an embodiment, a robotic or mechanical arm can be automated to place the test assembly 15 onto the platform 30. The placement of the test assembly 15 can cause the motion sensor 105, the proximity sensor 110, or a combination thereof, to generate a signal indicative of the assembly 15 being in place.

At block 210, in response to the signal generated by the motion sensor 105, the proximity sensor 110, or a combination thereof, the plurality of cameras 100 each capture an image. As discussed above, the cameras 100 are oriented such that the captured images are of different views of the test assembly 15.

At block 215, each component within each of the captured images is compared against the corresponding component in the corresponding profile image. In an embodiment, the comparison can include, for each component location, comparing multiple portions of the captured image around the component. For example, if a center of the component is a point (x, y) in the profile image, a first portion would be at (x, y), another at (x+1, y+1), another at (x−1, y−1), etc. In this manner, a matching score can be computed for each portion of the captured image relative to the profile image. In an embodiment, the matching can be computed using a similarity metric such as, but not limited to, correlation coefficient score. A sampling of 50-500 points around (x, y) can be performed to provide a higher accuracy in making the validation. This improvement in accuracy can, for example, be because the multiple samples can compensate for minor displacements (e.g., 0-20 pixels or 1-2 mm in physical space) of the components being tested relative to the components in the profile image. Thus, the sampling can account for minor variations in the placement of the assembly 15 at block 205.

The highest matching score among the portions of the captured image can be considered the score for the component being examined. It is to be appreciated that other statistical values could be used for the matching score, such as, but not limited to, the mean, median, or mode.

In performing the similarity comparison, several bases for determining a component is incorrect can be captured. For example, the validation can identify missing components, improperly installed components (e.g., wrong screw or the like), or installations that are not complete (e.g., a screw is not tightened or is over-tightened) based on orientation of the component. It is to be appreciated that the matching score will be impacted more heavily by a missing or incorrect component than by a misoriented component. The lowest matching score for each component is compared across the plurality of images and is retained as the matching score for that component.

At block 220 an output is generated indicative of the results of the validation (e.g., correct, incorrect, needs checking). The output can be based on a range of the matching score. That is, if the matching score is greater than a first value, then the output can be that the installation is correct; between the first value and a lower second value, the installation may need checking; and between the lower second value and a third value that is lower than the second value, the installation may be incorrect.

At block 225, the output is displayed on the display 20 of the system 10. In an embodiment, the display can include a notation of which components are incorrect or need checking. In an embodiment, to reduce processing effort and increase a speed of the output, the display can include one of the profile images (instead of one of the captured images for the test assembly 15).

FIG. 5 shows a first graphical user interface (GUI) 250, according to an embodiment. The first GUI 250 is generally representative of a GUI displayed when the manufacturing component was validated and determined to be correctly installed.

FIG. 6 shows a second GUI 300, according to an embodiment. The second GUI 300 is generally representative of a GUI displayed when the manufacturing component was incorrectly installed.

FIG. 7 shows a third GUI 350, according to an embodiment. The third GUI 350 is generally representative of a GUI displayed when the manufacturing component was determined to have a potential issue, or an appropriate confidence factor was not met.

The GUIs 250-350 in FIGS. 5-7 generally include an indicator 255. In the GUIs 300 and 350, because the GUIs are representative of situations where the installation of the component was not validated as being correct, a profile image 260 is displayed showing the correct assembly. It is to be appreciated that the GUI 250 could also display the profile image 260. The indicator 255 can vary based on the GUI to visually represent to the operator whether the component was correctly installed (GUI 250), incorrectly installed (GUI 300), or needs checking (GUI 350). The indicators 255 in the illustrated embodiments are representative and are not intended to be limiting. The image 260 in each of the GUIs 300 and 350 is the same and is a top view of the profile image. It is to be appreciated that the image 260 can vary. That is, a different view can be shown in an embodiment.

Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, any tangible medium capable of storing a computer program for use by a programmable processing device to perform functions described herein by operating on input data and generating an output. A computer program is a set of instructions that can be used, directly or indirectly, in a computer system to perform a certain function or determine a certain result. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a floppy disk; a hard disk; a random access memory (RAM); a read-only memory (ROM); a semiconductor memory device such as, but not limited to, an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, or the like; a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM); an optical storage device; a magnetic storage device; other similar device; or suitable combinations of the foregoing.

In some embodiments, hardwired circuitry may be used in combination with software instructions. Thus, the description is not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software instructions, nor to any source for the instructions executed by the data processing system.

The terminology used herein is intended to describe embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. The terms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural forms as well, unless clearly indicated otherwise. The terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this Specification, specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components.

It is to be understood that changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of the construction materials employed and the shape, size, and arrangement of parts without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. This Specification and the embodiments described are examples, with the true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the claims that follow. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a housing, enclosing: a platform having a tiered surface, comprising a first surface and a second surface parallel to the first surface and disposed a height from the first surface, wherein the tiered surface forms an abutment surface configured as a stop against which a test assembly is abutted; and a plurality of cameras, each of the plurality of cameras positioned to capture a different view of the test assembly; a processing device, the processing device configured to execute instructions to: capture an image from each of the plurality of cameras of the test assembly that includes a plurality of components; analyze each of the plurality of components within each image of the plurality of images; determine a matching score between a corresponding profile image of each of the plurality of components within each of the plurality of images of the test assembly, wherein the matching score is more greatly impacted by a missing component than a misoriented component; classify the installation of each of the plurality of components based on the matching score; and generate an indication of whether the plurality of components was correctly installed in the test assembly based on the matching score; and a display device configured to display a graphical user interface (GUI) based on the indication as generated.
 2. The system of claim 1, comprising a motion sensor on the housing.
 3. The system of claim 1, comprising a proximity sensor on the platform.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processing device is configured to automatically capture the plurality of images in response to an output from the proximity sensor.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cameras includes three cameras oriented to capture a top view, an up-front view, and an up-side view.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the display device is secured to the housing.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is configured to cause the display device to display the indication of whether the component was correctly installed in the assembly based on the matching score.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the second surface is L-shaped when viewed from a top view.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device and the display device are integrated into a single device.
 10. A method for validating correctness of installation of a component in a device, comprising: capturing a plurality of images using a plurality of cameras, wherein the plurality of cameras are oriented to capture a different view of a test assembly including a component; analyzing, by a processing device, the component within each image of the plurality of images; determining, by the processing device, a matching score between a profile image of the component within each corresponding profile image and the plurality of captured images, wherein the matching score is more greatly impacted by a missing component than a misoriented component; classifying the component installation based on the matching score; and generating an indication of whether the component was correctly installed in the test assembly based on the matching score.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the component is a screw and the test assembly is a smartphone.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the classifying includes one of a correct installation, a defective installation, or a further inspection needed classification.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the matching score is determined to be a largest matching score of the component within the plurality of captured images.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the capturing the plurality of images using the plurality of cameras is triggered in response to a proximity sensor detecting the test assembly.
 15. The method of claim 10, comprising displaying a GUI based on the indication as generated.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the GUI includes an indicator and one of the plurality of profile images.
 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the indication as generated includes a description of which of the components was a defective installation or needs further inspection.
 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the analyzing the component within each image of the plurality of images includes comparing each component with the profile image to determine a correlation coefficient score.
 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the analyzing the component within each image of the plurality of images includes comparing a plurality of portions of the image with the profile image.
 20. The method of claim 10, wherein the test assembly includes a plurality of components, each of the plurality of components being analyzed. 